Nat Rev Microbiol · 2015

An updated evolutionary classification of CRISPR-Cas systems

Makarova KS, Wolf YI, Alkhnbashi OS, Costa F, Shah SA, Saunders SJ, Barrangou R, Brouns SJ, Charpentier E, Haft DH, Horvath P, Moineau S, Mojica FJ, Terns RM, Terns MP, White MF, Yakunin AF, Garrett RA, van der Oost J, Backofen R, Koonin EV.

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Makarova KS — National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20894, USA.
Wolf YI — National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20894, USA.
Alkhnbashi OS — Bioinformatics group, Department of Computer Science, University of Freiberg, Georges-Kohler-Allee 106, 79110 Freiberg, Germany.
Costa F — Bioinformatics group, Department of Computer Science, University of Freiberg, Georges-Kohler-Allee 106, 79110 Freiberg, Germany.
Shah SA — Archaea Centre, Department of Biology, Copenhagen University, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, DK2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
Saunders SJ — Bioinformatics group, Department of Computer Science, University of Freiberg, Georges-Kohler-Allee 106, 79110 Freiberg, Germany.
Barrangou R — Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA.
Brouns SJ — Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 10, 6703HB Wageningen, Netherlands.
Charpentier E — Department of Regulation in Infection Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
Haft DH — National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20894, USA.
Horvath P — DuPont Nutrition and Health, BP10, Dangé-Saint-Romain 86220, France.
Moineau S — Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Félix d'Hérelle Reference Center for Bacterial Viruses, Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.
Mojica FJ — Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología. Universidad de Alicante. 03080-Alicante, Spain.
Terns RM — Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Georgia, Davison Life Sciences Complex, Green Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
Terns MP — Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Georgia, Davison Life Sciences Complex, Green Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
White MF — Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9TZ, UK.
Yakunin AF — Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3E5, Canada.
Garrett RA — Archaea Centre, Department of Biology, Copenhagen University, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, DK2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
van der Oost J — Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 10, 6703HB Wageningen, Netherlands.
Backofen R — Bioinformatics group, Department of Computer Science, University of Freiberg, Georges-Kohler-Allee 106, 79110 Freiberg, Germany.
Koonin EV — National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20894, USA.